The Abuse of Nootropics for High Cognitive Performance in the Student Context

Abstract

Several factors affect student performance, making learning and development difficult. As a result, the use of nootropics has become a dangerous means of cognitive enhancement. This class of substances has a neurostimulant effect and improves cognitive function in patients with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This potential has encouraged consumption by healthy individuals.The objective of this paper is to address the abuse of nootropics as a means of high performance in the student context. It is a literature review, using articles published in the last seven years, employing descriptors such as “Nootropics” and “Pharmacological Cognitive, ” to understand the risks and benefits of these substances in healthy individuals. The sources were selected from Scielo and Capes Journals.The use of nootropics for cognitive enhancement has raised concerns due to the lack of knowledge about their effects on the brain, potential personality changes, and the risk of causing chemical dependence. Commonly used drugs include methylphenidate (Ritalin) and amphetamine-dextroamphetamine compounds/salts of various amphetamines (Adderall). Methylphenidate is a dopamine and norepinephrine synaptic reuptake inhibitor used in cases of ADHD. Amphetamine-dextroamphetamine increases dopamine release and is used for ADHD. The action of nootropics primarily targets neurotransmitters and synaptic response. According to analyzed articles, long-term risks to the neuronal and synaptic system were observed. Since the studies are in the context of treating and preventing cognitive deficits, the safety profile for healthy individuals seeking non-therapeutic use is unknown. The pursuit of cognitive enhancement reflects a sick and competitive society that opts for pharmacological measures for quicker results, disregarding healthier lifestyles and the guidance of health professionals.