Alimentação antioxidante no manejo do excesso de peso: intervenções no contexto de comunidade

Abstract

Obesity and its association with cardiovascular diseases represent a serious public health issue of pandemic proportions, responsible for around 40 million deaths annually. In Brazil, 59.5% of adults in Recife are classified as overweight, and 21.7% are obese, based on BMI. Diet plans based on fresh foods, such as fruits and vegetables rich in antioxidant compounds, have been widely recommended as an effective strategy to reduce chronic subclinical inflammation, decrease body fat percentage, and prevent the development of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). A cross-sectional study involving individuals over 18 years of age, voluntarily treated at a nutrition clinic in Recife/PE. Participants underwent anthropometry, clinical history analysis, and 24-hour dietary recall (R24h). The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Brazilian University Center, CAAE, protocol number 54123621.0.0000.0130, and all participants signed the informed consent form (ICF). The project assisted 29 patients, focusing on body fat reduction through a daily caloric deficit of 300 to 500 kcal, using diets rich in antioxidant foods. In addition to nutritional guidance, aspects such as hydration, sleep, and food autonomy were addressed. Issues like low self-esteem and lack of regular exams were identified, with psychological support recommended in some cases. The project aimed to reduce systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, and students participated in data collection and scientific production. The dietary planning was adapted to the cultural, social, financial realities, and food preferences described by the patients during the 24-hour recall and in-office anamnesis. The primary goal of the prescriptions was to promote greater autonomy, long-term weight loss, and weight maintenance through an antioxidant diet based on whole foods. Nutritional counseling is essential to assist in this process, but a multidisciplinary approach is crucial to achieving more lasting results for the patients.